Engineering Project Manager, Apple Watch, Band Design

Apple

Given a string expression of numbers and operators, return all possible results from computing all the different possible ways to group numbers and operators. You may return the answer in any order. The test cases are generated such that the output values fit in a 32-bit integer and the number of different results does not exceed 104. For example: If the input is expression = 2-1-1 The expected output is [0,2] Because: ((2-1)-1) = 0 (2-(1-1)) = 2 If the input is expression = 23-45 The expected output is [-34,-14,-10,-10,10] Because: (2(3-(45))) = -34 ((23)-(45)) = -14 ((2(3-4))5) = -10 (2((3-4)5)) = -10 (((23)-4)5) = 10 Constraints: 1 <= expression.length <= 20 expression consists of digits and the operator '+', '-', and '*'. All the integer values in the input expression are in the range [0, 99]. The integer values in the input expression do not have a leading '-' or '+' denoting the sign.

Apple

Let's design a system for URL shortening, like TinyURL. Assume a large-scale service. Please consider the following aspects in your design: Functional Requirements: The system should generate shorter URLs (a.k.a. short links) given longer URLs. Users should be able to navigate to the original URL by entering the short link in their browser. The system should be highly available. Non-Functional Requirements: The system should have low latency for both URL shortening and redirection. Short links should be relatively short (e.g., 6-8 characters). The system should be able to handle a large number of URL shortening and redirection requests. Capacity Estimation: Assume 100 million URLs are shortened per day. Assume 1 billion URL redirections per day. Estimate storage requirements for 5 years. Design Considerations: How would you generate unique short links? What data structures and databases would you use to store the URL mappings? How would you handle collisions when generating short links? How would you optimize for low latency redirection? How would you scale the system to handle the expected traffic? Walk me through your design, explaining your choices and the trade-offs you considered. Provide diagrams where necessary to illustrate the architecture.

Apple

Let's discuss your approach to debugging malfunctions. Imagine you are on call for a critical e-commerce platform, and users start reporting that they are unable to complete their purchases. The error logs show a vague Transaction Failed message with no clear indication of the root cause. The customer service team is overwhelmed with complaints, and the business is losing revenue every minute the issue persists. Describe your initial steps in diagnosing the problem.** What tools or techniques would you use to gather more information? Would you focus on the front-end, back-end, or both? How would you prioritize your debugging efforts?** Would you start by examining the most recent code changes, monitoring server resources, or checking database connections? Explain your strategy for isolating the fault.** What methods would you employ to narrow down the potential causes of the malfunction, such as bisecting the code, using debugging tools, or performing hypothesis testing? Outline your approach to resolving the issue.** Once you have identified the root cause, what steps would you take to fix it quickly and effectively? How would you ensure that your fix does not introduce new problems? Discuss how you would prevent similar malfunctions from occurring in the future.** What proactive measures would you implement to improve the platform's reliability and resilience, such as adding better logging, implementing automated testing, or improving monitoring? Walk me through your thought process and provide specific examples of how you would tackle each step of the debugging process. I'm interested in hearing about your experience with similar situations and how you have successfully resolved them in the past.