Distinguished Engineer, Demand and Capacity Planning

Google

Let's explore some string manipulation algorithms. Suppose you are given a string s and you need to reverse the order of words in the string. Each word is separated by a single space, and there are no leading or trailing spaces. For example, if the input string s is the sky is blue, the expected output is blue is sky the. Write a function that takes a string s as input and returns a new string with the words in reversed order. Explain your approach. What is the time and space complexity of your algorithm? Provide example test cases to demonstrate that your function works correctly, including edge cases such as an empty string or a string with only one word. As a follow-up, consider a more complex scenario where the input string s might contain leading or trailing spaces, or multiple spaces between words. How would you modify your algorithm to handle these cases while still producing the correct reversed word order? For instance, given the input hello world , the output should be world hello. Describe the changes needed and analyze the updated time and space complexity.

Google

Let's design a simplified distributed key-value store. Assume we need to handle a high volume of read and write requests. The key-value store should support the following operations: get(key): Retrieves the value associated with the given key. put(key, value): Stores the value associated with the given key. Here are some specific considerations for the design: Scalability: The system should be able to scale horizontally to handle increasing amounts of data and traffic. Consider how data will be distributed across multiple servers. Consistency: Discuss the consistency model you would implement. Would you choose strong consistency or eventual consistency? What are the trade-offs? Provide a rationale for your choice. Elaborate on how your design ensures that reads return the most up-to-date data (or how it handles potential inconsistencies, if any). Fault Tolerance: How would the system handle server failures? Describe the mechanisms you would implement to ensure data durability and availability in the face of node failures. Explain the role of replication and how it impacts consistency. Data Partitioning: Describe your data partitioning strategy. Consider using techniques like consistent hashing or range-based partitioning. Explain how your chosen strategy affects load balancing and data locality. Provide a concrete example of how keys would be mapped to specific servers in your design. Caching: Where would you incorporate caching in your system to improve read performance? Discuss different caching strategies (e.g., client-side caching, server-side caching) and their implications. Walk me through the architectural components of your key-value store, including the roles of different servers, the communication protocols used, and the data flow for get and put operations. Explain any potential bottlenecks and how you would address them. For example, if consistent hashing is used, how do you handle nodes being added or removed from the cluster?

Google

Okay, let's delve into your motivations. Why are you interested in working at this company specifically? I'm looking for more than just a generic answer about seeking a new job. I want to understand what resonates with you about our company's mission, values, and the specific role you're applying for. To give you some context, consider our commitment to innovation in the field of AI, particularly our recent work on developing more ethical and transparent algorithms. Or perhaps you're drawn to our collaborative work environment, where cross-functional teams work together to solve complex problems. Maybe you admire our company's dedication to social responsibility, like our initiatives to promote STEM education in underserved communities. When answering, please be specific and show that you've done your research. For instance, you could discuss a particular project that caught your attention, how your skills and experience align with the team's needs, or how you see yourself contributing to our company's long-term goals. Avoid vague statements like I'm a hard worker or I'm a team player without providing concrete examples. Instead, focus on demonstrating a genuine interest in our company and a clear understanding of how you can make a valuable contribution. To summarize, I want to know: What specifically attracts you to our company? How do your skills and experiences align with the requirements of this role and the company's goals? What unique contributions do you believe you can make to our team and our overall mission?