I had a non-technical (non STEM) bachelor’s degree and this counts against me more than anything. Note, I did not do a bootcamp (I wasn't like a chef who never wrote in an IDE or command line). I was able to program and script already since I had been doing so since I was a kid, I opted out of computer science as a major thinking I would fail out of it since I wasn't great at math.
If a job hard requires a Computer Science degree (there are unfortunately way too many who do), then there's not much you can do against that unfortunately. If they ask what formal education you have in Computer Science, then you can mention the certificates. If they somehow push even harder (which would be weird), then you sort of have to say "self-taught" as there's no other source.
Of course, you should also frame your prior work experience to be as technical as possible and highlight whatever coding you did. The goal is to just shift the conversation towards the present ("What did you recently build?") vs. the past ("What schooling did you get?").
As I talk about in my resume course, the only way to dig yourself out of that stigma no-degree hole is just to build stuff that's so impressive that it overrides the stigma (and even then, some employers will hold their nose and turn away a candidate with a 1 million user side project for not having a degree).
I agree there's a lot of stigma with "self-taught." Many companies will also have a stigma against bootcampers.
If you have significant work experience, have that be the bulk of your resume. The further along you are in your career, the less your specific major or college matters.
Even if you don't have significant work experience, talk about the various side projects or accomplishments you have that prove your technical competency.
That is also the answer to your 2nd question about how to response to questions about education in your interview. Answer the question quickly but redirect it to the think you want to focus on. Something like this:
I went to X university years ago, but what I've been focused for years on this domain. I published a bunch of side projects that are quantifiably impressive, and I have gained tons of experience that is even more valuable than academic classroom time.