What's the Difference Between A Senior And Staff Engineer?

The mark of someone who is NOT ready to be a staff engineer: Asking what needs to happen to get to staff.

A staff engineer should identify problems worth solving, and then get buy-in across the org to solve the problem.

- Despite each staff engineer's journey being different, there's still an opportunity to learn from the examples of other promotion cases. Here's an example from Rachel's days at Yelp with a talented staff engineer:
  - Google announced an algorithm change for SEO ranking, which would favor websites with better mobile friendliness.
  - An engineer on a feature team recognized that this would hurt Yelp and brought it up very proactively.
  - They drove a proposal and broke down the problem with several domain experts in the organization.
  - It took a while, but they were able to ship a quality, long-term solution.
- Instead of just looking at "what" new problem to solve, there's also opportunity for very senior engineers to breakdown the "how" to accomplish a large, ambiguous problem and get to staff.

If you enjoyed this video, you can watch all of Rachel's other Taro videos here: <https://www.jointaro.com/topic/rachel-zhao/>

For more resources on getting to staff:

- ["How can I come up with big initiatives, especially those at a Staff level?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/c3LcBDXEcxA85y9jlFjz/how-can-i-come-up-with-big-initiatives-especially-those-at-a-staff-level/)
- ["For a Staff engineer at a Big Tech company, what should their first 3-6 months look like?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/X8QYtxzD7SXdzMfcnBiX/for-a-staff-engineer-at-a-big-tech-company-what-should-their-first-3-6-months-look-like/)
- ["How do I come up with innovative, impactful ideas and bring them to my team?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/3QIJhAT4loA7n1hSfCuw/how-do-i-come-up-with-innovative-impactful-ideas-and-bring-them-to-my-team/)

How Do Effective Engineering Leaders Help Their Teams Achieve More?

3 questions engineering leaders ask to increase the impact of their team without burning the midnight oil: 

1. What parts of this project are most critical? Who is most important for success? 
2. Can I optimize/shortcut some part of this project? 
3. Can I propose scope reductions for this project? 

Rachel also talks about the iron triangle often used for project management (time, scope, cost).

For more resources on engineering leadership:
- [This Is Why Most Engineering Managers Are Terrible](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/4NJbAn0uTDUPfYfa859V/this-is-why-most-engineering-managers-are-terrible/)
- [[Masterclass] What Software Engineers Should Look For In Their Engineering Manager](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/oeY7ncZhzJ5NO6dij5e7/masterclass-what-software-engineers-should-look-for-in-their-engineering-manager/)
- [[Case Study] Becoming A Tech Lead Again In Just 1 Month After Joining Robinhood From Meta](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/X8vpfJooDpsX915ouC00/case-study-becoming-a-tech-lead-again-in-just-1-month-after-joining-robinhood-from-meta/)

3 Mistakes Too Many Software Engineers Make (from a Director at Airbnb)

As Head of Search Engineering at Airbnb, [Rachel Zhao](https://www.linkedin.com/in/rachelzhao/) has coached + mentored many engineers as they climb the ladder. She calls out 3 things NOT to do for software engineers: 

1. **Don't work too hard (for an extended period)** - This leads to burnout, which hampers both your health and your growth. Rachel regularly spends time reflecting and figure out what new skill/project she can take on. You can learn more about the importance of reflection when it comes to productivity in [our video here](https://link.jointaro.com/dXkvKXs4FfbK5V6h7).
2. **Don't say "I'm not learning enough"** - At the end of the day, the company hired you to do a job - Growth is more of a 2nd order priority for many companies. This means that you need to be proactive about owning your growth - Don't just expect your manager to hand you the perfect curriculum of projects to get to the next level. For in-depth advice on how to create that scope for yourself to get to the next level, check out [this in-depth Q&A advice](https://link.jointaro.com/bah6v7RFpnywVYyv9).
3. **Don't focus on the score, focus on the game** - In particular, don't focus too much on level and viewing others as competitors. Think about how your org functions and how you can add the most impact. Check out our in-depth advice on [how to view levels when it comes to your career](https://link.jointaro.com/JJBA5KSCLdoK9Sc39).

English Communication Is The Most Important Skill For Immigrant Engineers

The field of engineering is filled with immigrants. Silicon Valley is famously built from the creativity and hard work of immigrants around the world (China, India, Israel, and much more).

If English is your 2nd (or 3rd) language, only or mostly speaking your native language at work will hold back your career. Rachel talks about her misconception that communication skills weren't that important, and how to improve your speaking + writing.

If you want to get better at communication, check out our course: [\[Course\] Clear Communication For Software Engineers](https://www.jointaro.com/course/clear-communication-for-software-engineers/)

This thread is helpful too: ["How to improve my communication?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/omak9oOT4NJE9dhKeMZi/how-to-improve-my-communication/)

How To Find Your Path Among The Countless Paths In Tech

As an early-career engineer, it can be overwhelming to figure out what technology to learn and which domain to dive into. In this video, Airbnb Director of Engineering [Rachel Zhao](https://www.linkedin.com/in/rachelzhao/) walks through the framework you can use to find your path.

The key to finding your passion is: 
1. Explore and refine. Give yourself some time + space to try adjacent areas.
2. Reflect on the various activities you do: What sparks joy? Think about both technical and non-technical activities.

If you want to learn more about this topic:
- [Figuring Out The Best Company To Join As A Software Engineer](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/Nqs0U6rt2qFyXKSZurTh/figuring-out-the-best-company-to-join-as-a-software-engineer/) - The former VP of Engineering of unicorn startup Mixpanel shares his thoughts here.
- [This Is How Software Engineers Should Initially Learn](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/wUl3hc2wr1ms493bd23b/this-is-how-software-engineers-should-initially-learn/) - This video covers how earlier-in-career engineers mess up their learning.

Rachel's Career Story: Waterloo, Yelp, Airbnb

To check out Rachel's excellent tech career advice, you can find the [full playlist here](https://link.jointaro.com/EFUYvmLHzenKQLRp6).

Rachel moved to Canada in high school, and then attended the University of Waterloo where she picked up programming for the first time. 
- She did various internships as part of the co-op program, and her first job out of college was at Yelp. 
- After 9 years at Yelp, Rachel had become a Director of Engineering there.
- Since 2020, Rachel has been an Engineering Lead at Airbnb, heading up the search product there.

**Rachel's core learning**: The times where you're uncomfortable and struggle are the times you learn the most. Stay calm and embrace the more difficult times in your career - When you view these situations as a growth opportunity, that's how you come out of them stronger than you were before.

How To Quickly Understand Company Culture - Airbnb Example

Culture is more than what people say. It's about how things get done in the company. The best way to ramp up on a company's culture is to observe what people do and talk to as many people as possible when you first join.

Rachel also talks about the 2 unique aspects of Airbnb's culture: 
1. Mission-driven (as opposed to tech, sales, or founder driven)
2. Incorporating the best of different companies

If you want to learn more about how to understand an org/company and build up influence within it, here's some related resources:
- ["How do I sell the vision behind a large, org-level project?"](https://link.jointaro.com/ESa5WJyk682iwqJt9)
- ["How can I build up more influence in an org?"](https://link.jointaro.com/GVYFUhx46N2QWVeZ7)

What Advice Do You Have For Women (And Allies) In Tech?

There are not enough women software engineers. Rachel talks about the importance of sponsorship for career advancement, being ok with discomfort, and using employee resource groups (ERGs) to find community + support.

For allies (those in positions of privilege), acknowledge contributions from women and call out their good work if it's not getting noticed. 

Rachel also discusses how to evaluate a company's priorities around diversity and inclusion.

For more wisdom from Rachel, [here's her Taro playlist](https://link.jointaro.com/Cm5rJk4RJTkWhhnq7).

Rachel Zhao Q&A and Videos

About Rachel Zhao